Full Exercise Question Sets

A.   Starting with sentences. True or False?: The following sentences are declarative sentences, sentences that are either true or false, never both, and never neither.

1. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false. (It is true.) Notice that you do not need to know whether it is true or false to know that it is true or false.
2. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false. (It is false.)
3. False. Feedback: this is a Question, and does not have a truth-value.
4. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false. (It is true.)
5. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false. (It is false.)
6. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false, depending on the speaker’s tastes.
7. False. Feedback: this is an exclamation, and does not have a truth-value.
8. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false. (It is likely true.)
9. False. Feedback: this is an order, and does not have a truth-value.
10. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false. (It is false.)
11. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false. (It is true.)
12. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false, depending on where the speaker is.
13. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false, depending on metereological conditions.
14. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false. (It is likely true.)
15. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false. (It is true.)
16. True. This sentence is either true or false. (It is likely true.)
17. False. This sentence, known as “the liar” might be both true and false, or neither true nor false.
18. False. Feedback: this is a question, and does not have a truth-value.
19. False. Feedback: this is a question, and does not have a truth-value.
20. False. Feedback: this is a question, and does not have a truth-value.
21. False. Feedback: this is a question, and does not have a truth-value.
22. False. Feedback: this is a curse, and does not have a truth-value.
23. False. Feedback: this is a curse, and does not have a truth-value.
24. False. Feedback: this is a curse, and does not have a truth-value.
25. False. Feedback: this is a request, and does not have a truth-value.
26. False. Feedback: this is a request, and does not have a truth-value.
27. False. Feedback: this is a request, and does not have a truth-value.
28. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false, depending on what happens next.
29. False. Feedback: this is a threat, and does not have a truth-value.
30. False. Feedback: this is an exclamation, and does not have a truth-value.
31. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false, depending on what the speaker wishes.
32. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false (it is false).
33. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false (it is true).
34. False. Feedback: this is a question, and does not have a truth-value.
35. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false, depending on what is being referred to as a table.
36. False. Feedback: this is an exclamation, and does not have a truth-value.
37. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false (it is likely true).
38. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false (it is true).
39. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false (it is true).
40. True. Feedback: This sentence is a rhetorical question. The force of the question is to assert something (that you are a jerk), and it is either true or false.
41. True. Feedback: This sentence is a rhetorical question. The force of the question is to assert something (that what has been said is true), and it is either true or false.
42. True. Feedback: This sentence is a rhetorical question. The force of the question is to assert something (that what has been said is true), and it is either true or false.
43. True. Feedback: This sentence is a rhetorical question. The force of the question is to assert something (that what has been said is true), and it is either true or false.
44. True. Feedback: This sentence is a rhetorical question. The force of the question is to assert something (that what has been said is false), and it is either true or false.
45. True. Feedback: This sentence is a rhetorical question. The force of the question is to assert something (that we can do better next time), and it is either true or false.
46. True. Feedback: This sentence is a rhetorical question. The force of the question is to assert something (that you do want to be a success), and it is either true or false.
47. True. Feedback: This sentence is a rhetorical question. The force of the question is to assert something (that you do not want to be a failure for the rest of your life), and it is either true or false.
48. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false (it is false. Sense and Sensibilia is a landmark 1962 work of ordinary language philosophy by J. L. Austin, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford).
49. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false (it is likely false).
50. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false (it is likely false).
51. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false (it is likely false).
52. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false (it is likely true).
53. True. This sentence is either true or false. (It is true.) (Ernest Vincent Wright, GADSBY, 1939.)
54. True. Feedback: This sentence is either true or false (it is likely false)

B. Exercises: Precision in sentences. True or False? The following sentences are either true or false.

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True

C.   Exercises: Atomic sentences. True or False? The following sentences are atomic sentences, sentence that can have no parts that are sentences.

1. True. This is an atomic sentence.
2. True. This is an atomic sentence.
3. True. This is an atomic sentence.
4. True. This is an atomic sentence.
5. True. This is an atomic sentence.
6. True. This is an atomic sentence.
7. True. This is an atomic sentence.
8. True. This is an atomic sentence.
9. True. This is an atomic sentence.
10. True. This is an atomic sentence.
11. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a conjunction (see in 5.6 Key Concepts).
12. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a disjunction (see in 7.6 Key Concepts).
13. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a conjunction (see in 5.6 Key Concepts).
14. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a conditional (see in 2.8 Key Concepts).
15. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a conditional (see in 2.8 Key Concepts).
16. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a conjunction (see in 5.6 Key Concepts).
17. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a disjunction (see in 7.6 Key Concepts).
18. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a conjunction (see in 5.6 Key Concepts).
19. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a conditional (see in 2.8 Key Concepts).
20. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a disjunction (see in 7.6 Key Concepts).
21. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a biconditional (see in 9.8 Key Concepts).
22. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a conditional  with a disjunction as antecedent  and an atomic sentence as consequent (see 2.8 Key Concepts and 7.6 Key Concepts respectively).
23. False. This is not an atomic sentence. It is a conditional  with a disjunction as antecedent  and an atomic sentence as consequent (see 2.8 Key Concepts and 7.6 Key Concepts respectively).

D. Exercises: Syntax and semantics. True or False?

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False. Feedback: to say a sentence is syntactically correct is to say that it is a sentence.
5. True

E. Exercises: Contingent sentences. True or False? The following sentences are contingent: they could be true or they could be false. Logic alone cannot tell us whether they are true or false.

1. True. Feedback: This is a contingent sentence: Logic cannot evaluate the claim. We will turn to physicists, and use their methods, to evaluate the claim.
2. True. Feedback: This is a contingent sentence: Logic cannot evaluate the claim. We will turn to geologists, and use their methods, to evaluate the claim.
3. True. Feedback: This is a contingent sentence: Logic cannot evaluate the claim. We will turn to historians, and use their methods, to evaluate the claim.
4. True. Feedback: This is a contingent sentence: Logic cannot evaluate the claim. We will turn to historians, and use their methods, to evaluate the claim.
5. True. Feedback: This is a contingent sentence: Logic cannot evaluate the claim. We will turn to common-sense to evaluate the claim.
6. True. Feedback: This is a contingent sentence: Logic cannot evaluate the claim. We turn to common-sense to evaluate the claim.

F. Exercises: Vague sentences. True or False? The following declarative sentences are vague

1. True. Feedback: This sentence is vague. To make it precise, There were over 500 errors in the work
2. True. Feedback: This sentence is vague. To make it precise, I generally wake up at 5 a.m.
3. True. Feedback: This sentence is vague. To make it precise, It is going to be over 40 degrees Celsius today.
4. True. Feedback: This sentence is vague. To make it precise,  88 percent of students will pass this course.
5. True. Feedback: This sentence is vague. To make it precise, Sam has a 1.7 grade point average (4.0 = A)
6. False. Feedback: This is sufficiently precise to have a clear meaning that is either true or false.
7. False. Feedback: This is sufficiently precise to have a clear meaning that is either true or false.
8. False. Feedback: This is sufficiently precise to have a clear meaning that is either true or false.
9. False. Feedback: This is sufficiently precise to have a clear meaning that is either true or false.
10. False. Feedback: This is sufficiently precise to have a clear meaning that is either true or false.
11. False. Feedback: This is sufficiently precise to have a clear meaning that is either true or false.

G. Exercises: Ambiguous sentences. True or False? The following declarative sentences are ambiguous

1. True: Feedback: Here are some of the many alternate meanings:
   1. Republicans harshly question the chief about the emails
   2. Republicans cook the chief using email as the fuel
2. True: Feedback: Here are some of the many alternate meanings:
   1. There’s a man on a hill, and I’m watching him with my telescope.
   2. There’s a man on a hill, who I’m seeing, and he has a telescope.
   3. There’s a man, and he’s on a hill that also has a telescope on it.
   4. I’m on a hill, and I saw a man using a telescope.
   5. There’s a man on a hill, and I’m sawing him with a telescope.
3. True. Feedback: Here are some of the many alternate meanings:
   1. We looked at a duck that belonged to her
   2. We looked at her quickly squat down to avoid something
   3. We use a saw to cut her duck.
4. True. Feedback: Here are some of the many alternate meanings:
   1. He fed a woman’s cat some food
   2. He fed a woman some food that was intended for cats
   3. He somehow encouraged some cat food to eat something.
5. True. Feedback: Here are some of the many alternate meanings:
   1. Look at the dog using only one of your eyes
   2. Look at the dog that only has one eye
   3. Perhaps the dog has found an eye somewhere, and we’re looking at the dog.
6. True. Feedback: Here are some of the many alternate meanings:
   1. It could mean the baby; boiling the baby in hot-water for 20 minutes
   2. It could mean the bottle; boiling the bottle in hot-water for 20 minutes.